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Recent Submissions

A Cross-Sectional Study Examining the Role of Climate Variability in Shaping Trypanosomiasis Trends in Binga District, Zimbabwe (2008-2023): A Multi-Method Survey
(Infectious Disease Outbreaks, 2025) Ndiweni, N.; Moyo, P.L.; Nunu, W.N.; Tsoka-Gwegweni, J.
Climate variability, particularly global warming, is expected to have a significant impact on the interactions between pathogens, vectors, and animal and human hosts. Trypanosomiasis, a neglected zoonotic disease, is particularly sensitive to changes in climate, as increased temperatures can accelerate vector development and expand geographical range. This disease remains prevalent in Zimbabwe, with the Binga District being disproportionately affected. This study aimed to explore the effects of climate variability on the epidemiology of trypanosomiasis in the Binga District of Zimbabwe from 2008 to 2023. A multi-method approach was used to incorporate secondary data sources and a data-collection guide. Data collection involved a checklist and questionnaire administered using the Kobo Collect Toolbox. Bivariate correlations were employed to investigate the association between climate variability and trypanosomiasis occurrence. Rainfall and temperature data are presented as line graphs and maps at 3-year intervals for the period 2008 to 2023. Spatial analysis was conducted by overlaying climate data with the reported suspected cases of trypanosomiasis. The findings revealed a notable increase in annual case reports, correlating with increasing maximum and fluctuating average temperatures. Specifically, higher annual average temperatures were recorded in 2008 and 2017, coinciding with an increased incidence of trypanosomiasis. These findings underscore the critical role of climate variability in shaping trypanosomiasis trends in the Binga District of Zimbabwe. These findings highlight the importance of effective disease control strategies in response to climate-induced changes.
Dress Policing at Higher Learning Institutions in Zimbabwe: Discourses on the Bulawayo Polytechnic College Dress Code Declaration
(Journal of Asian and African Studies, 2025) Ndlovu, M.; Ndlovu, N.; Tshuma, L. A.; Mloyi, K.; Shava, G.
In November 2022, the administrators at Bulawayo Polytechnic College instituted a new dress code at its campus, sparking public outrage. This college dress code reinvigorated debates on the age-old questions of morality and rights. On one hand, there is a strong belief that the implementation of dress codes may lead to the violation of students’ rights and self-expression. On the other hand, others contend that ‘revealing’ dresses may disrupt teaching and learning. This article uses this Bulawayo Polytechnic ‘moment’ to explore the discourses and debates surrounding dress codes in higher education institutions. Drawing upon Foucault’s theorisation on discourse, discipline and governmentality, we consider school dress codes as technologies of power. Data were collected from college students. At the core of these debates on choices of clothes are issues of policing and disciplining female bodies, rape culture, body shaming, victim-blaming and surveillance.
Exploring Access, Utilisation, and Barriers to School Health Systems for Managing Mental Health Challenges: A Case Study of Mapanzure High School, Masvingo District, Zimbabwe
(Health Services Insights, 2025-11-17) Neganje, N.N.; Khozah, M.Y.; Nunu, W.N.
Introduction Globally, between the ages of 10 and 19, 15% of teenagers have mental health issues, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Mental health issues in schools lead to dropouts, poor academic performance, social isolation, and increased substance misuse. Various strategies, including universal screening and raising mental health literacy, have been implemented. However, constraints like limited resources and inadequate training hinder effective management. Therefore, this paper aimed to explore student access to and utilisation of the school health system for mental health challenges, and to identify key barriers to its effectiveness from the perspective of students and staff in Mapanzure Masvingo District. Methods A mixed-method survey was used with interviews and questionnaires to gather information from key informants and 62 randomly selected students. The key informants were purposively sampled, including two nurses, two teachers, three health masters, and two administrators. Quantitative data was analysed in Excel and SPSS and presented as tables and graphs, while the qualitative data was recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded, and thematically analysed. Results The study found a high prevalence of self-reported mental health symptoms among students, including attention deficit (62.9%) and low self-esteem (72.6%). This high burden of need contrasted sharply with utilisation of the school health system was low (40.3%), primarily due to a lack of student awareness. This indicates a significant gap between system provision and student access. Key informants identified health clubs and guidance counselling as core components of the system, but their effectiveness was hampered by major barriers like poverty and substance abuse. Conclusion It can be concluded that students are experiencing mental health issues, and key informants generally view school health systems as helpful. However, there are certain obstacles, such as poverty and substance use and abuse hindering implementation and optimal functioning of school health systems. These results may help create a supportive and inclusive environment that values student health and emotional wellbeing that can lead to improved academic outcomes and positive life for students.
Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy for Children Living with HIV in Africa
(New England Journal of Medicine, 2025) Musiime, V.; Bwakura-Dangarembizi, M.; Szubert, A. J.; Mumbiro, V.; Mujuru, H. A.; Kityo, C. M.; Lugemwa, A.; Doerholt, K.; Chabala, C.; Makumbi, S.; Mulenga, V.
Background Children living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have limited options for second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods In this open-label trial with a 2-by-4 factorial design, we randomly assigned children with HIV who had first-line treatment failure to receive second-line therapy with tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF)–emtricitabine or standard care (abacavir or zidovudine, plus lamivudine) as the backbone and dolutegravir or ritonavir-boosted darunavir, atazanavir, or lopinavir as the anchor drug. The primary outcome was a viral load of less than 400 copies per milliliter at 96 weeks. We hypothesized that TAF–emtricitabine would be noninferior to standard care, that dolutegravir and ritonavir-boosted darunavir would each be superior to ritonavir-boosted lopinavir and atazanavir analyzed in combination, and that ritonavir-boosted atazanavir would be noninferior to ritonavir-boosted lopinavir. Safety was also assessed. Results A total of 919 children underwent randomization; 458 were assigned to receive TAF–emtricitabine, and 461 to receive standard care. Assigned anchor drugs were dolutegravir (229 participants), ritonavir-boosted darunavir (232), ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (231), and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (227). The median age of participants was 10 years, and 497 (54.1%) were male. The median viral load at baseline was 17,573 copies per milliliter. At week 96, TAF–emtricitabine was superior to standard care: the adjusted difference in the percentage of participants with a viral load of less than 400 copies per milliliter was 6.3 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 10.6; P=0.004). Dolutegravir was superior to ritonavir-boosted lopinavir and atazanavir analyzed in combination (adjusted difference, 9.7 percentage points; 95% CI, 4.8 to 14.5; P<0.001), but ritonavir-boosted darunavir was not (adjusted difference, 5.6 percentage points; 95% CI, 0.3 to 11.0; P=0.04 [prespecified threshold, P=0.03]). Ritonavir-boosted atazanavir was noninferior to ritonavir-boosted lopinavir. One child died, and 29 (3.2%) had serious adverse events, with no significant between-group differences. Conclusions Second-line ART regimens including TAF–emtricitabine and dolutegravir were effective for children, with no evidence of safety concerns. Ritonavir-boosted darunavir was also effective. (Funded by the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership and others; CHAPAS-4 ISRCTN Registry number, ISRCTN22964075.)
Enhancing safety in Zimbabwean manufacturing industry: The role of human factors engineering in reducing workplace accidents
(Open Access Research Journal of Science and Technology, 2025-03-05) Muhla, T.; Kanyemba, G.; Mapindu, I.; Chinguwo, N.; Mashava, D.; Goriwondo, W.
Workplace accidents continue to be major problem in Zimbabwean manufacturing enterprises impacting productivity, employee well-being and operational efficiency. The study sought to explore the extent to which Human Factors Engineering (HFE) can be utilised as a safety intervention in Zimbabwean manufacturing industries. Using a mixedmethod approach, including qualitative data on key human factors in accidents and quantitative data on the effectiveness of HFE interventions to mitigate these risks. By demonstrating that ergonomic design was significant in influencing operator training accidents, the results were used to show how safety culture can also mitigate such incidences at national level and hence enhance workplace general safety of Zimbabwean manufacturing operations.