Impact of Climate Change on Malaria Transmission and Management in Zimbabwe: A Scoping Review of the Literature

Abstract

Background Malaria remains a public health priority In Zimbabwe, with approximately half the population at risk. Aim This study aimed to review the literature to synthesise historical and current evidence regarding the impact of climate change on malaria transmission and management. Methods Guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for a scoping review framework, a systematic search was conducted across multiple databases and websites, and 22 literature sources were included based on topic relevance and alignment to the inclusion criteria. Results Most reviewed studies have consistently demonstrated that climate change is shifting the geographic distribution, trends, timing, and intensity of malaria transmission in Zimbabwe. However, others have emphasised the key role of non-climatic human, ecological, and health system factors and intervention coverage in shaping malaria transmission dynamics. Overstretched health systems and the uncertain effectiveness of existing interventions in a changing climate pose significant challenges to malaria management. This review identified key gaps, including the lack of longitudinal data, limited use of localised predictive modelling, and a limited focus on climate-parasite dynamics. Conclusion There is a growing need for climate-informed programming, emphasising the need for improved local funding, multi-sectoral collaboration, community engagement, and building climate-resilient health systems.