Exploring the experiences and perceptions of adolescent mothers regarding maternal health services in Chiredzi district, Zimbabwe: a qualitative inquiry

Abstract

Background Adolescent pregnancy remains a critical global health challenge, disproportionately affecting low-resource settings and jeopardizing the health, well-being and socioeconomic prospects of young mothers and their children. Globally, 75% of adolescent births occur without adequate medical care, exacerbating risks of maternal and neonatal complications. In Zimbabwe, where cultural, economic and structural barriers further limit healthcare access, adolescent girls face heightened vulnerabilities. Objectives This qualitative study explores the lived experiences and perceptions of adolescent mothers regarding maternal health services in Chiredzi district, Zimbabwe. Design This study employed a phenomenological approach to capture diverse perspectives on maternal healthcare. Methods In-depth interviews with 20 purposively sampled adolescent mothers (aged 15–19) attending Chiredzi General Hospital were conducted in March 2025, immediately after ethical approval was obtained (ethics number: NUST/IRB/2025/38). Data collection continued until thematic saturation was achieved. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results Analysis revealed 4 primary themes and 24 subthemes, highlighting key barriers to maternal healthcare access. Financial constraints, inadequate transportation and fragmented health services were prominent structural challenges. Sociocultural factors, including stigma, discriminatory attitudes and restrictive gender norms, further deterred care-seeking behaviours. Participants emphasized the need for adolescent-friendly health services, community-based education programs and economic support to mitigate these barriers. Stakeholder engagement, involving policymakers, traditional leaders and healthcare providers, was identified as critical for developing sustainable intervention strategies. Conclusion Addressing the maternal health disparities faced by adolescent girls requires a multifaceted, intersectional approach. Structural interventions, such as improving healthcare accessibility and affordability, must be coupled with community-level initiatives to combat stigma and promote gender equity. Empowering adolescents through education, economic opportunities and culturally sensitive support networks is essential to fostering long-term resilience. Policymakers and program implementers must prioritize adolescent-inclusive health strategies to ensure equitable maternal health outcomes in Zimbabwe and similar settings.